Depending on the wastewater quality, filtration, ultrafiltration, reverse osmosis, or other membrane technologies may be used to recover part of the water.
The remaining membrane concentrate usually contains higher concentrations of dissolved salts and residual pollutants and can be further treated through evaporation and crystallization.
After pretreatment, the high-salinity wastewater enters an MVR evaporator or multi-effect evaporator. Water is separated from the wastewater as vapor, while salts and non-volatile pollutants remain in the concentrated liquid.
The vapor is condensed to produce condensate, which can be polished for reuse or further treatment according to the required water-quality standard.
